Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin: A Review

Uncle Tom’s Cabin Origin: This passage was written by Harriet Beecher Stowe who, as a northern abolitionist, proceeded to elaborate or even belabor over Tom’s brave trials of resistance under the conditions of his cruel master, Legree. Stowe also based this book as a response to several key compromises that provoke a self-explanatory problem: a compromise as opposed to a solution. The novel is a fictional response to slavery, especially to the Fugitive Slave Law. Along with the Wilmot Proviso and the Compromise of 1850 a few years before, Stowe’s book took reign in the 1850s and continued the buildup to the Civil War.Stowe’s book was a primary source, specifically a book that created new emotions in the minds of the North—emotions contrary to what they have heard and believed. Embodied with abolition views, her book gave the unwavering effect of the malice of slavery causing the diction to encompass biases, sometimes exaggerated, against the South. Purpose: Stowe was writing this document as a response to the country’s ignorance of the morally corrupt side of slavery, and to be directed mainly at the North. She provides very detailed accounts of life as a slave working under Legree—the despicable, southern plantation owner.When Tom, the main character in Uncle Tom’s Cabin, professed his unwillingness to beat his fellow slaves, Legree’s anger represents the epitome of dehumanizing torture to black slaves as a whole, and all of this is captured by Stowe’s emotional writing: â€Å". . . ‘An’t I yer masters’? Didn’t I pay down twelve hundred dollars, cash, for all there is inside yer old cussed black shell? An’t yer mine, now, body and soul? ’ he said, giving Tom a violent kick with his heavy boot; ‘tell me! ’ ’No! no! no! my soul an’t yours, Mas’r! You haven’t bought it, — ye can’t buy it!It’s been bought and paid for, by one that is able to keep it; — no matter, no matter, you can’t harm me! ’ ‘I can’t! ’ said Legree, with a sneer; ‘we’ll see, — we’ll see! Here, Sambo, Quimbo, give this dog such a breakin’ in as he won’t get over, this month! ’† This act of slave resistance made an impact in the South that is not surprising but rather a desirable response in all the minds that read Stowe’s book. Along with her desire to educate the public, Stowe wanted to establish the priority that some action must be taken to end this suffering.Stowe also added another purpose in the novel through religious morals and Biblical allusions: â€Å". . . ‘my soul an’t yours, Mas’r! You haven’t bought it – ye can’t buy it! It’s been bought and paid for, by one that is able to keep it’. . . † Tom is speaking to Legree here referri ng the â€Å"one that is able to keep it† as God. It also shows that Legree cannot force them against their will even with obsessive abuse, physically and mentally with dehumanizing names such as ‘dog’, ‘critter’, and ‘beast’. This instance of slave resistance shows that slaves should remain strong in hope for the day slavery will be banned. Value:The novel of Uncle Tom’s Cabin was historic in the sense that it trumped almost every idea about slavery. It was the best-selling novel of the 19th century, after the Bible, and gave support to the abolitionist’s cause in the 1850s (300,000 copies were sold in the US; one million copies, in Great Britain). It had such an impact that when she met with Abraham Lincoln, even the President of the United States was impacted and basically said to her that she is the little lady who started this Great War. After Lincoln’s words were made public, the novel had become out of print f or many years causing Jewitt to go out of business.Until Ticknor and Fields put the work back into print in 1862, the book lost all of its demand. It not only was poignant in our hearts but also inspirational. Stowe’s book was the basis for several other anti-slavery novels, plays, or simply the countless newspaper editorials. It is obvious to historians that Uncle Tom’s Cabin was one of the most influential pieces of literature in the United States and was a landmark for the abolitionist’s cause that establishes how terrible slavery was in great detail by giving a perspective inside the corrupt system. Limitations:The limiting factors of this novel as a historical source are the biases within the perspective, stereotypes popularized from this story, and exaggerative writing that instigates the pro-slavery responses to Stowe’s novel. Historians must take into account that this work is completely fictional and is only one response from an woman overcome wi th anger. Provoked by the passing of the Fugitive Slave Law prohibiting the aid to runaway slaves, Stowe takes her anger out on the South by the power of the pen. She writes the novel as fiction, but still brings across the possibility that slavery isn’t as cracked up as it used to be. Mammy†, â€Å"pickaninny†, and â€Å"Uncle Tom† are all stereotypes that were brought on by slavery. Each derogatory term relates to a specific category but they all have one requisite feature in common—black skin colored and enslaved by a white master. Some views on this piece of literature say that Stowe exaggerated slave life and that not all masters are cruel and oblivious to the human condition. Though 90% of the black population was enslaved, this argument makes a reasonable proposition, because many slaves were not treated badly as others.A large number of slaves were bought to oversee for their master or even to protect their master, and some slaves were able to purchase their freedom with money they made from a special skill, even then, those slaves returned profits to their original masters after they were free. The status of Americans directly correlated by birthplace; therefore, Stowe’s novel provided a view of slavery that cannot pertain to it as a whole, but only one aspect. Yes, it was extremely impactful. No, it cannot be a historical source to represent slavery wholly.

Cell Phone Problem Solution

A serious problem has arisen that desperately needs to be solved. Students have been constantly using their cell phones during class and causing distractions to the learning environment. As a result, the principal is ready to ban all cell phones from school. Although this might solve the problem, it would alienate and irritate the student body. As it is, students are already distracted by cell phone misuse in the classroom.Teachers have found that their classrooms are becoming unruly and are having to take time out of instruction to write disciplinary forms. This results in added paperwork for administrators. Additionally, teachers are complaining to administrators about class disruptions. All the interruptions are detracting from students’ educational time; thus EOG scores my plummet along with school funding. With the lower test scores and tighter budget, the schools’ reputation may also suffer. If we want to keep our schools’ pride intact, we must solve this d ilemma.After pondering this complex problem I have devised an exemplary solution. I propose that the school’s leadership team organize a monthly incentive time in which students are able to talk and text on their cell phones. This incentive is designed to reward students for obeying the cell phone regulations. Students should be focused on their education and should not be using their cell phones during school hours (8:30am-4:00pm).To begin implementing this solution, the staff members should be notified first by sending an email or holding a staff meeting. Next, posters should be hung on each hallway to inform students about the upcoming cell phone incentive. Announcements can also be made to build excitement about the upcoming change in policy. Waivers would be sent home to notify parents that the cell phone rule has not changed; however to reward students for abiding by the rules, a cell phone incentive time is being integrated into the schedule on a monthly basis.These in centive times would be held on the first Wednesday of every month. Core classes would be shortened by 15 minutes each, allowing there to be a free hour at the end of the day. At the beginning of this time students should have five minutes to pack up and get their cell phones and report  back to their last class. Students who do not have cell phones are able to use this time to have study hall, play games, or socialize upon teacher’s discretion. These incentive times are the only allotted times to text, play games, listen to music, use the internet, or call others during school hours. Headphones must be used for all music and other audible activities. Phones must be set on vibrate to eliminate unneeded noise.Although the original cell phone rule has not changed, new consequences have been put in place. First time rule breakers will have their phone confiscated and sent to the office. Silent lunch will be given and they will lose the next incentive time and would be sent to I SS for the hour.For students who break the cell phone rule a second time, their phone will be confiscated and sent to the office. They will be put on cleaning duty with the custodians or cafeteria staff during the incentive time. These students would lose the next two incentive hours and receive a behavior slip. If these students still did not learn that their actions have consequences and break the rule for a third time their phone will be taken and sent to the office. That student would also receive a behavior slip. The students would miss the next three incentive times and clean during the hours. For fourth and habitual offenders, their phone will be taken and sent to the office. They would lose all future incentive hours and clean.This solution has a multitude of benefits; one such benefit is that it is cost and time efficient. Implementing the incentive time is inexpensive. The only cost incurred is the expense of the paper and ink used to print the waivers. It is important to be money-conscious because many school are facing budget cuts. Funds should be reserved for other important supplies and activities. Cost efficiency is not the only benefit; time efficiency is equally important.The incentive time only takes one hour away from class time each month. This allows ample time for less interrupted instruction. This solution also appeals to all parties. To administrators, education is paramount, and this solution applies to that. The more learning without distractions gets high scores for students and for the school. Those high scores may equate to county or state bonuses. Such money could be used for classroom upgrades. Teachers would appreciate the upgrades, but they will  also benefit from other aspects of this solution.The teachers would have more teaching time because they will be spending less time filling out disciplinary paperwork. So having more teaching time can lead to higher grades for students. This can allow teachers to move through subject s quicker. Also, with this solution, students will be less likely to sneak around with their phones because they will have a designated time to use them.This solution is much less severe than the principal’s initial solution, which was to ban all cell phones. In conclusion, the previously stated solution, which is to integrate a monthly incentive time into the school day, is an excellent solution to the cell phone predicament. This solution will solve the problem because it allows time for students to use their cell phones. Such will increase the amount of time on-task; more instructional time benefits all ages. Not only does it benefit all, it holds students accountable for their positive and negative decisions. Show your approval of this plan by passing this proposal onto the principal. This is your chance to put this problem to rest and better our entire school.

Bertino Forensics C10 Handwriting analysis, forgery and fraudulence Flashcards Example for Free

Bertino Forensics C10 Handwriting analysis, forgery and fraudulence shape of letters curve of letters the angle or slant of letters the proportional size of letters the use and appearance of connecting lines between letters the smoothness of letters the darkness of the lines on the upward compared- to the downward stroke the spacing between letters the spacing between words and lines the placement of words on a line the margins a writer leaves empty on a page A document of known authorship that is being compared to a document of unknown authorship is called a(n) organization that also deals with counterfeiting cases Paper money contains these materials which do not interact with the iodine in a counterfeit pen like the starch in paper does. Forensic Information System for Handwriting. The handwriting database that is repository for threatening correspondence from federal agencies. Previously written letters, diaries, etc Scanning a document with ultraviolet or infrared light to determine the chemical composition of the ink is called _____. This can be used to tell if two different inks were used on a document This device is used to identify handwriting based on speed, pressure and rhythm. When forgery is done for material gain like money. The easiest way to tell if a $10 bill is real is by the ____. Three steps of handwriting analysis *questioned documents and exemplars are examined and detectable characteristics are recorded. *characteristics of questioned items are compared to known standard. *experts determine which characteristics are valuable for drawing a conclusion about authenticity or authorship. 27 million fake checks are cashed everyday -ordering another checks from a deposit slip -altering a check -creating a check from scratch print on chemically sensitive paper -multiple color patterns -embedded fibers in checks that glow under certain lighting -microprinting -currency -travelers checks -food stamps -certain bonds -postage stamps crime stretching back into ancient times What two chemicals react in a counterfeit pen security features on a 100 dollar bill Security thread, color shifting ink, microprinting, watermark, 3D security ribbon, raised printing A person who scientifically analyses handwriting Any signature, handwriting, typewriting, or other written mark whose source or authenticity is in dispute or uncertain A person who uses the physical characteristics and patterns of handwriting to evaluate the personality of the writer. Pseudoscience. Writing instrument, age, mood, fatigue and how hurried the writer is. Sentenced to prison for the kidnapping of the Lindberg baby. Ransom notes were used to convict him. The making or distributing of fake money. literary forgery originally thought to be the authentic diaries of Adolph Hitler chemical alterations of check to removing ink, usually in order to pass fraudulent checks for money. the examination of questioned documents with known material for a variety of analyses, such as authenticity, alterations, erasures, and obliterations A document dealer and master forger who forged many famous authors including Emily Dickinson, Abraham Lincoln, and Mark Twain. He also was a bomber who killed several people and then injured himself. a pen that contains iodine, which reacts with starch in paper and turns a dark brown color. If starch is not present it remains amber. related essay Analysis of two Commercial Brands of Bleaching Solution Analysis of two commercial brands of bleaching solution Analysis of two brands of commercial Bleaches Analysis of 2 commercial brands Module Ten: Text Questions The movie "Catch Me If You Can" Forensic Science Unit Two Text Questions Handwriting Analysis What is a questioned document Bertino Forensics C10 Handwriting analysis, forgery and fraudulence company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. By continuing we’ll assume you’re on board with our cookie policy best literary forgeries use old paper and period inks they may also use chemically treated materials to fake an older look We will write a custom sample essay on Bertino Forensics C10 Handwriting analysis, forgery and fraudulence specifically

U.S. Health care System vs. Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

U.S. Health care System vs. Canada - Essay Example In both countries, the process of health care development was neither linear nor smooth (Boychuk, 2005; Cunningham, 2003). The two neighboring countries, Canada and the United States have created health care systems that are very distinct. Kovner, Knickman and Jonas (2008) write that the system of health care delivery in the U.S. works along two different lines: one which helps to keep people healthy and another one comprising activities directed at dealing with health issues, once they occur. In its current state, the system of care delivery in American health care is characterized by (1) the growing role of institutions and medical professionals, (2) dramatic advances in medical technologies and electronic communications, (3) the existing tensions between big business and caring for patients, and (4) dysfunctional payment and financing. The latter, according to Kovner et al (2008) means that the U.S. system of health care is extremely expensive to maintain, and that insurance makes the system of payments to hospitals physicians extremely complex. The financing mix of U.S. health care looks as follows: 28% in direct taxes, 7.4% in indirect taxes, 35.5% in general taxes, 13.3% in social insurance, with private insurance and direct payments making up the rest (Wagstaff & Doorslaer, 1998). Unlike the United States, Canada gives its clinicians unprecedented autonomy in where they want to work and what set of medical services they are willing to deliver (Deber, 2003). A single-payer system, Canadian health care has been particularly successful in reducing its administrative costs (Woolhandler, Campbell & Himmelstein, 2003). Where the United States health care operates as a combination of public and private insurance options (Jensen et al,...health care. Recent advances in the Canadian system of health care can teach the United States a good lesson of economy and efficiency at a national scale. The current state of literature provides abundant information about health care progress in the United States. According to Cunningham (2003), the history of U.S. health care dates back to the end of the 19th century, when acute infections, the lack of medical technologies and social organization urged the creation of a national system of health care. The U.S. health care emerged in response to broad health challenges in 19th century America. By contrast, the evolution of the health care system in Canada was a logical process initiated by the earliest policy developments and propositions in Saskatchewan (Boychuk, 2005). In both countries, the process of health care development was neither linear nor smooth (Boychuk, 2005; Cunningham, 2003). The two neighboring countries, Canada and the United States have created health care systems that are very distinct. The American and Canadian systems of health care are equally different and alike. Advanced and sophisticated, both systems rely on the principles of efficiency and quality care. However, in distinction from the U.S., Canada pursues a rigid distinction between private and public health care.

Annotated bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Annotated bibliography - Essay Example Their hypothesis is that closer peer groups directly influence marijuana consumption. They used the results of the Spanish Survey on Drug Use in the School Population in 2004 that included 24,561 informants. They created a probit model, where two alternative peer variables are used in their formula. They discovered that when factors of peer pressure are controlled, peer group effects on marijuana consumption are significant, and that closer peers can affect marijuana usage more than other peer variables. Education Economics is a valid source, because it aims to study educational issues using economics as a framework. Duarte, Escario, and Molina are credible authors, because they instruct in the field of economics. The article is a secondary source that uses information from a comprehensive survey. The findings can be applied to students 12 to 18 years old, although cultural and contextual factors have to be considered. This article is linked to my research question, because the intro duction part provides the negative effects of marijuana in the health and academic conditions of students. It suggests that legalizing marijuana will be bad for students in general, because of negative impacts on mental health and academic achievement. ... â€Å"Prevalence and Intensity of Basic Symptoms among Cannabis Users: An Observational Study.† American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse 37.2 (2011): 111-116. Martinotti et al. wanted to know if cannabis use results to psychosis, or if psychosis draws people to cannabis consumption. They also studied the relationship between family history of psychosis and experience of subjective experiences. They examined a sample of 502 healthy university students by studying the presence and level of subjective experiences (SEs) and their connection to cannabis use. Subjective experiences pertain to psychotic-like experiences, such as changes in perceptions and having magical skills or seeing magic. Findings showed that 114 subjects smoked cannabis, and that 20.5 percent smoked one joint every week, while 71.9 percent used it sporadically for a year. The authors learned that cannabis use did not result to greater SEs, whether it is smoked daily or protracted within one year. Furthermore, t hey discovered that SEs are higher for users with a history of psychiatric problems in the family. American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse is a valid source, because it is a peer-reviewed journal, and it uses clinical and other empirical methods in studying drug and alcohol abuse issues. The authors are also reliable, because they are part of different public and educational institutions and they have knowledge in studying and teaching this topic. The article is related to my research question, since it provides evidence that marijuana does not always lead to psychosis, although it can increase psychotic risks for people who come from families that have psychiatric illnesses. Like Duarte, Escario, and Molina, this article suggests that legalizing marijuana

Medical mangement of chronic renal failure Research Paper

Medical mangement of chronic renal failure - Research Paper Example After the body absorbs what is needed from food for self-repairs and energy, the remainder is waste that is sent to the blood. However, these functions of the kidney are hindered by attacks on nephrons resulting in the loss of their filtering ability. High blood pressure and diabetes are responsible for renal failure, thereby resulting in slow and silent destruction of the nephrons. Kidney failure can be chronic, acute or end stage. In this paper, the discussion focuses on the medical management of chronic renal failure. This discussion defines chronic renal failure, medical tests to detect kidney failure, and management of chronic renal failure. Detection of kidney disease People may exhibit signs and symptoms of chronic renal failure. However, some have no symptoms and the doctor detects kidney condition through regular urine and blood tests. The three key simple tests recommended by the National Kidney Foundation are blood pressure measurement, spot check for albumin or protein in urine, and Glomerular filtration rate or GFR based on serum creatinine measurement (Alters, 2000). Blood pressure measurement involves the use of a dedicated cuff to obtain systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Microalbuminuria condition results from the failure of kidneys to separate albumin from blood protein. Proteinuria is the resultant condition of increased blood protein and albumin. Dipstick color indicates the presence or absence of proteinuria. Kidney biopsy and kidney imaging are also viable ways of detecting kidney failure (SIGN, 2008). Management of Chronic Kidney disease or CKD CKD is kidney failure that occurs over a lengthy duration. This duration could be months or years. However, the major causes of renal failure are diabetes and high blood pressure that are poorly managed and chronic glomerulonephritis. Other causes of CKD that are less pronounced include kidney stones, reflux nephropathy, prostrate disease and polycystic kidney disease. The most unfortunate thin g is that there is no cure for CKD. However, in its early stages kidney failure can be managed allowing the patients to live longer. This requires the observation of several steps that must ensure that heart attacks and stroke risks are minimized since such patients are vulnerable. According to Schoolwerth, McClellan and Gehr (2006), Chronic Kidney disease treatment is intended at preventing or slowing additional damage to patient’s kidneys. Proper treatment requires that underlying conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure that cause kidney disease be identified and managed. The management of such diseases prevents situations that cause kidney damage or worsen it (SIGN, 2008). For most patients, classification falls within mild and moderate categories and hospital-based management is not necessary. For most of the patients in these categories, the most significant aspect is controlling the cardiovascular influence on patient’s renal disease. This management is m ore significant than the risk of developing end stage renal failure. Daugirdas (2011) reveals that this classification guidance is directed according to severity of the damage. The stages of chronic kidney disease are grouped in five categories. The first stage is slight kidney damage characterized by normal or increased filtration and GFR more than 90. The second stage is mild kidney function characterized by 60 to 89 GFR. Stage three

Religions in American Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Religions in American - Research Paper Example For instance, bodily illnesses that characterize Wilson’s mother health, which almost prove to her young daughter otherwise contrary to what she has grew up believing (Wilson 87). In most cases, these predicaments and numerous mysteries, which young people cannot comprehend when they come of age, prompt them to lose their faith and abandon creeds, which they grew up believing. Hence, result to embracing other new modes of creeds that seem to offer them the necessary immediate comfort or answers to what is puzzling them (Wilson 87). This study seeks to expound much about varied stages of developments as well as certain life’s issues that prompt one to change what he or she has all through since childhood believed (Wilson 87). Spiritual life is barely discussed in early childhood development (Gordon & Kathryn 502). Little consideration on religion development psychologically on a child leads to a person who advocates for secular and humanist perspective of human behavior (Antonia 25). Participation in religious activities is thought to be a way of avoiding numerous society vices for instance, adolescent pregnancy, drug and substance abuse as well as self-esteem among children (Antonia 25). There are varied reasons why parents tend to ensure their children associate themselves with the religion they believe and see is best for their spiritual development (Antonia, 25). For instance, some parents claim that without a shared religion between the parents and children, a child will fail to feel and enjoy the connection with his or her family. Children tend to deal with religion in varied ways at diverse stages of their development. In this case, it is significant for the parents to ensure their children associ ate themselves with specific religions from a tender age but as they grow, the parents should tolerate different views from their children towards certain denominations or regions, which they may seem to have interest in based on their understanding (Antonia, 25). Mostly, this occurs because as the children grow they tend to realize that norms, beliefs and faith associated with the religion they were introduced to at their early childhood, are absurd and cannot apply in the their daily lives (Wilson 344). As they also grow, they meet and interact themselves with varied people of diverse creeds in places like schools or work, hence get influenced towards certain creeds or denominations. The child may find the new religion, which parents introduced them is in accordance to their besides other norms. Based on James Fowler’s stages of faith theory, stage I Intuitive-Projective faith is the fantasy-filled, and is imitative phase. In this level, the child can be powerfully and perm anently influenced by examples, moods, actions or stories of the visible faith (Neuman, 44). This is via interacting with the adults who influences their behaviors and what they seem to hold as true in their lives (Neuman, 44). This stage usually occurs among the children aged between three to seven years and encompasses unending thoughts patterns by the child (Neuman 44). In this stage, the child usually develops mutual relationship with the caregiver (Neuman 45). The quality of relations and teachings of religion passed in this stage tend to affect one’s future religiously (Neuman 48). In league with forms of knowing dominated by perception, imagination in this stage is extremely productive of long-lasting images and feelings (positive and negative) that later, more stable and self-reflective valuing and thinking will have to order and sort out (Neuman 46). This is the stage of first

Changing Hand Hygiene Behavior at the Point of Care to prevent the Dissertation

Changing Hand Hygiene Behavior at the Point of Care to prevent the spread of clostridium difficile utilizing CDC's WHO model f - Dissertation Example Nosocomial infections  are preventable through proper hand hygiene.   C. PICO question: For RN’s, LPN/LVN and NA  (nursing assistants) working on patient care  areas, will changing hand hygiene at the point  of care prevent the spread of C.difficile D. P=Population-RN’s, LPN/LVN and NA’s providing  primary patient care. E. Intervention: Scheduled educational classes  introducing CDC’s â€Å"WHO model for Hand Hygiene.   F. Comparison- Comparison: RN; LPN and NA  knowledge pre and post training. â€Å"A  comparison of pre and post-tests will be  conducted to determine the participant’s  understanding of the WHO model and the impact  of hand washing technique on the incidence of  Clostridium difficile.   G. O =Outcome-Nursing staff will demonstrate and  utilize CDC’s:†WHO Model for Hand Hygiene†Ã‚  thereby preventing the spread of Nosocomial  infections such as Clostridium difficile. III. Methods-    A. Sampling strategies (examples-search process,  databases accessed, year restrictions, types of  studies, key terms used in the search).   B. Data evaluation (criteria you considered when  deciding to utilize a piece of literature).   IV. Findings-   A. ... standards, lack of  published empirical studies on the topic,  rationale for using non-empirical studies,  lack of studies in nursing but did locate  studies in another discipline)   V. Discussion   A. What has been concluded from the findings   B. Advantages and disadvantages of findings   C. How the findings could be utilized in nursing  practice   VI. Conclusion- Hand washing (soap washing and water), contact precaution and meticulous environmental cleaning with an EPA-registered disinfectant are effective in preventing the spread of the organism. Abstract Background The World Alliance for Patient Safety launched by The WHO in 2004 advocates a â€Å"clean care is safer care† program, in which health care leaders sign a pledge to take specific steps to reduce hospital associated infections in their facilities. Hand hygiene is the first focus in this worldwide initiative. Recognizing a worldwide need to improve hand hygiene in healthcare facilities, the WH O produced Advance Draft, launched its â€Å"Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care† along with the â€Å"Implementation Toolkit† that have been available since 5 May 2009 on the occasion of the launch of the â€Å"Save Lives: Clean Your Hands† initiative. The WHO regards hand hygiene as an essential tool for the prevention of nosocomial infection, but compliance in clinical practice is often low. Methods Relevant scientific literature and international evidence-based recommendations (Meta Analysis Sources) were studied. Results Hand washing (soap washing and water), Hygienic hand disinfection, contact precaution and meticulous environmental cleaning with an EPA-registered disinfectant are effective in preventing the spread of the organism. Compliance can be improved by training, and by placing hand-rub dispensers at

The Crappy Shades Sunglasses Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Crappy Shades Sunglasses Company - Essay Example There have been certain unfortunate incidents like strikes on some of the issues, which put a bad impact on the overall operation of the company. Company happened to lose its key customers as well as few new orders. The company has been able to attain a profit of around  £ 2.3 million in the year, 2006. As the competition is getting intense, more of its competitors are going global. There is a low entry barrier in this market; which has led to a number of new entrants in this market. The products and prices of all of these companies are quite similar, so day by day, the market is getting divided into more segments. To survive this competition Crappy Shades now would like to go for expansion in some new regions to tap the global market. Zeroing down on a singe opportunity is the main decision to take on. Globalization has allowed ease in free trades among the countries. It has introduced greater speed and lesser difficulty in transportation of goods as well as that of the people. Most of the companies, in developing countries, are now interested in using their cash inflows to invest in developing nations. Even the company is now in a situation, where they can take the advantage of globalization by expanding their business to other regions. The destination should be cautiously picked as the company would like to keep their cost effectiveness up in that country. In such a way they can carry their brand names out of UK. With every brand name, an image gets attached to it. So this ‘low cost’ company should keep that image alive, even out of UK. Moving to another country means they would get access to the technology and resources of that nation. At the same time it would have a large customer base with access to a large talent pool of that nation. So using the resources worldwide, technical and cultural, the company would be able to

Eating in Ignorance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Eating in Ignorance - Essay Example Obtaining fast foods is cheaper as compared to buying of healthier food products which are essential for the development of the body. Wirzba (24) tries to make the readers of the article understand the importance with which they should have regarding the foods that they consume. Knowing how such foods are obtained and manufactured can be very essential in ensuring that every individual makes a wise choice in the types of food that they decide to consume. These cheap and fast foods are destroying our lives on earth in which God desired that we could live on it so that we can fulfill our dreams and serve him fully. Even though these fast foods taste pretty good it is the responsibility of each individual to grasp what the effects such kind of foods has in their lives. Knowing the composition of the different food stuffs is very vital so that proper choices on the kind of foods ingested into our bodies can be made. Without such knowledge the foods that build our bodies can be detrimenta l to our health. Christian Story Life that has been granted unto us by God should be held with high regard. With the evident frequent consumption of fast and cheap foods, all the life in the planet is slowly being destroyed and degraded. God expects each individual to respect and value all the life that he has bestowed unto mankind. That is why God expects us to avoid the earthly pleasures which are a cause of sin and suffering to mankind. With all the knowledge that man has been given, we are expected to always make use of it by getting to know some of the foods that we consume. As temple of God, every human being should treat their bodies with respect and integrity by ensuring that they consume foods which will ensure their well being. If only some of the people were fully aware of the food products which they consume they can never eat those foods again. This is an indication that such foods have a bad effect on our bodies which is a sign of the failure of man to keep their bodie s clean as they are the temple of God. God gifts which have been given to man should always be highly honored. Showing disregard to them is also a failure to honor God as illustrated by (Wirzba 25). This is an indication that in whatever man indulges in, everything should revolve centrally on God as he offers the best guidance on ways to satisfactorily live our lives according to his wishes. Through eating by gladly and generously sharing our food with other people it is a way in which the presence of God will continue to be in our midst. Christian forms of eating will always ensure that the eating habits of man become spiritually inspired ensuring the constant presence of God in our lives. This will be a manifestation of the love of the Lord. Respond Eating is an essential part of the lives of every individual. What man eats; makes them what they are. This is indication on the emphasis in which everyone should take into consideration the kinds of foods that eat. Life can only be gi ven and taken by God. However, for man to sustain their life on earth they should be able to eat food and drink water that has been provided by God in plenty. This is an evident link that exists between the kind of life that God has given to man and the kind of life that man has to sustain through the consumption of food. Food is the

Capital punishment and why does the Church (Christianity) oppose it so much Essay Example for Free

Capital punishment and why does the Church (Christianity) oppose it so much Essay Man is a sacred and precious creature created by God.   When God has created the Universe, light, the birds, animals, the trees, water and the earth, he had given a lot of importance to man.   Evidence from the Bible suggests that God had left creating man as his final task, and after he had created man, God was so amazed, satisfied with himself and fulfilled with his own creation, that he decided to rest (on the Seventh day).   Through his creation of man, he had provided a reflection of himself (The Old Testament: Genesis 1).   In deed God has given a lot of importance to man, and no one has the right to take away or destroy the life this very special and beautiful creation of God.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Countries throughout the World are beginning to understand the importance of capital punishment and are slowly outlawing such laws.   However, certain developed countries such as the US are still encouraging Capital punishment.   The US had stopped capital punishment for some period of time (from 1972 to 1977).   However, the practice resumed again following Gregg V. Georgia case (Horigan, 2004).   Most of the states in the US permit Capital punishment only in very specific instances.   However, the very existence of such an option in the judiciary system, does suggest the States Support to this inhuman act.   The rate of execution in the US has dropped since the 1930’s, but this has no fully ended. The largest number of executions is performed by the State of Texas, and the highest percentage of the population executed by the State is Virginia (Robinson, 2006).   The response of the US public to capital punishment is somewhat mixed.   However, the reaction of the Canadian people to capital punishment was also similar, but the Country has abolished capital punishment.   Depending on the seriousness of their crime, the crimes are imprisoned even for indefinite periods (Robinson, 2006).   Canada has also shown that imposition of capital punishment does not necessarily result in a drop in the crime rates.   The Japanese on the other which permit capital punishment have a crime rate much below that of the US. Hence, it can be demonstrated that capital punishment may not play an important role in crime (Robinson, 2006).   In the US, many people who have been executed by the law, were found not even to be given a proper lawyer during their trials. Several states in the US that have capital punishment in their legal systems seem to have a higher criminal rate than those which do not have capital punishment (Robinson, 2006).   People may feel that by incorporating capital punishment in their legal systems, the State is cheapening the value of human life.   Hence, the crime rates in such states are on the rise.   Several other factors such as poor socio-economic status, low educational levels, poor living conditions, etc, may be related with an increase in the crime rates.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Church has seriously opposed the use of capital punishment in case of serious crime.   Pope John Paul II has opposed the imposition of death penalty by the State (Dulles, 2001).   Christians give a lot of importance to life and have opposed any action that could result in the ‘violation to the right to life’ such as murder, abortion, suicide, euthanasia, etc.   Christians usually feel that as God has controlled life, no one including the Governments and the Courts can take away a human life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the Old Testament, death was specifically suggested to those who had sinned or committed offences (such as murder and adultery).   The Sacred Covenant during Noah had mentioned that anyone who offenders and disobeys God be stoned or hanged to death.   Several episodes in the Old Testament such as those of with Korah, Dathan, and Abiram (Numbers 16), have given instances in which capital punishment was performed to penalize sinners.   People who helped to execute the will of God by ending the life of the offenders were considered as Agents of God.   Many Countries of the World still follow the Old Testament of capital punishment in penalizing serious crimes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, things have changed since the New Testament times.   Although Jesus Christ had not spoken much about the use of capital punishment by the state, indirect instances are present in the New Testament which may suggest that Jesus was against the practice of capital punishment.   One of these instances included the Stoning of a woman who had sinned.   Jesus did not allow his disciples to pronounce curses of destruction of death on people who did not have feelings of love towards others. In John 19:11, Jesus told Pilate that he had the authority to sentence anybody who had sinned against God, and that Pilate had the right to fulfill God’s intentions.   In Matthew 26:52, Jesus told Peter to put back his sword when he was arrested.   Jesus even put back the soldier’s piece of ear, after Peter had cut it with his sword.   In Luke 23: 41, Jesus tells the thief crucified on his side, that they were receiving punishment for the sins that they had committed on earth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Christianity believed in the concept of ‘love thy neighbor as thy self’, and Jesus in his preaching expressed that this feeling should be extended to every aspect of life.   We could potentially extent its application for use to prevent capital punishment.   In the New Testament after Christ, there may be several instances in which capital punishment was encouraged.   However, these instances may not directly support capital punishment.   In Acts 5: 1-11, capital sentences were imposed because they disobeyed Simon Peter.   The Letter to the Hebrews also encouraged the Mosaic Laws on capital punishment. St. Paul told the Romans that death sentence was a mean of expressing God’s intentions against sinners.   However, there have also been instances in the New Testament in which the Church and Christians have opposed death sentence.   During the early Christianity period, the Church did not approve Christians to function as executioners of death sentences (Dulles, 2001).   St. Augustine felt that the Fifth Commandant should be utilized even to prevent execution of death sentences and killing of criminals.   He wrote an entire book about Capital punishment named The City of God.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The idea of capital punishment changed a bit during the Middle Age.   Christianity had some influence on the people, and the Courts were told to impose capital punishment only for people who committed serious crime.   This was mainly as a self-defense mechanism to prevent the criminals from committing further crime and to ensure that the society was safe.   Some of the theologists felt that capital punishment was more of a hatred act against the criminal than one to enable him to reform in the future (Dulles, 2001).   Even though the Church opposed death sentence, it constituted a body to pronounce and capital punishment. The Church even conferred the State the power to issue death sentences in the later part of the 16th century.   It derived this power from the Commandant â€Å"thou shall not murder†, and it was performed in several instances.   Slowly the Church began to approve capital punishment only in the case the criminal committed a serious crime.   Slowly the attitude of the Church towards capital punishment began to change as they felt that life was a precious gift given by God and it was morally wrong to take one’s life for sins committed.   The Italian thinker Gino Concetti, wrote a Book L’Osservatore Romano in 1977, demonstrating the importance and sacredness of God-given life.   He said that humans could not destroy the life of another human, and even the criminals who had performed serious crimes should not be punished with death sentence.    He said that there should not be any circumstance in which capital punishment was justified as no person had the right to take the life of another and destroy one of God’s precious creations.   We should be able to respect the view that God is expressing himself in man.   This work had really changed the attitudes of Christians and the Church towards capital punishment. Many people felt that the Church itself did not respect or identify this view of life before.   There was a uproar against capital punishment in the 20th century in Europe.   Several European countries who believed in Christianity began to incorporate the latest teachings and beliefs of the Church in their Legal systems.   The Governments began to underhand the importance of life (Dulles, 2001). Since, the criminal is also a human being; he is a precious creation of God and has a reflection of God in himself.   His actions have an element of God expressed in it.   Hence, it would be morally wrong to even punish the most serious criminals with capital punishment.   In the Old Testament, the view that a criminal action should be punished with a similar action by the law-enforcement agency existed.   However, a person may be expressing the Will of God through his actions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Christianity has developed over a long period, and now it does not permit both, direct destruction (taking the life of a specific person) and indirect destruction (actions performed without the intention of killing another person).   In some instances, taking the life of another person by mistake may be pardoned by the Church.   The Church is also against any individuals taking the life of another on the advice of the State (Pesenke, 1981). God does not allow one human to take the life of another because God is the creator of the human beings and can create or destroy a life.   Any person who takes the life of another with a mental intention is sinning against God.   A Human life is the most precious work of God, and destroying it would be against the Will of God.   No political or legal body in the World has the right to interfere with God’s creation.   It is not justified for any Court or King to take the life of any individual including a criminal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many countries feel that capital punishment should be permitted at least to end the life of criminals who committed serious crimes.   They may also be considering that it would be a cheaper option to end the life of such criminals than to punish them with life-imprisonment.   However, the legal and the political systems should not cheapen human life, and should consider them as important to God.   Having capital punishment options in the legal system is not going to reduce crimes.   It is essential that the Government provides a socio-economic environment that may permit development and reduce frustration of the people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Jews believed firmly in capital punishment and permitted it following murders, adultery, worship of idols, war crimes, and kidnapping.   They feel that capital punishment would ensure that the society is safer from the actions of the criminals in the future.   They also feel that anybody who destroys God-given creations should be punished with death sentence.   A counsel usually issues death sentences in Jewish courts.   The court will examine the criminal during the trial and 2 neutral witnesses should provide evidence for the case.   As the process of issuing capital punishment under Jewish laws is very stringent, such sentences may usually occur less frequently. In several situations (such as wars, emergencies, dealing with non-Jewish criminals, etc), the stringent process is relaxed and death sentences are issued more easily.   In such situations Noah-Laws are usually applicable.   Usually just one neutral witness is required (FAQ, 2006).   During the later part of the 20th century, Jewish thinkers began to oppose the use of capital punishment by the legal system.   The ideas of Christian theologists are now being followed by the Jewish thinkers with regard to death sentence.   Only in extremely serious crimes are capital punishment allowed by Jewish courts (FAQ, 2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Capital punishment is not only an ineffective way of dealing with crime (as it does not reduce the crime rate), but is also an immature way (as hatred and revenge are spread).   It also cheapens the importance of God-given life.   The Government should look at alternative to punish or reform the criminals. References: Dulles, A. C. (2001). â€Å"Catholicism Capital Punishment.† First Things 112, 30-35. http://www.firstthings.com/article.php3?id_article=2175%20 FAQ (2006). Question 12.21: What is the Jewish position on Capital Punishment? Retrieved on April 8, 2007, from FAQ.org   Web site: Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance from Web site: http://www.faqs.org/faqs/judaism/FAQ/06-Jewish-Thought/section-22.html Horigan, D. P. (1996). Buddhism Capital Punishment. Retrieved on April 8, 2007, from The Engaged Zen Foundation from Web site: http://www.engaged-zen.org/articles/Damien_P_Horigan-Buddhism_Capital_Punishment.html Pesenke, H. C. (1981). Christian Ethics: Volume II – Special Moral Theology in the Light of Vatican II, Bangalore: TPI. Robinson, B. A. (2006). Facts about capital punishment: Part 1: data trends. Retrieved on April 8, 2007, from Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance from Web site: http://www.religioustolerance.org/execut3.htm The Bible Gateway (2007). Genesis 1 (New International Version). Retrieved on April 8, 2007, from The Bible Gateway from Web site: http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=genesis+1

BCG Matrix and SWOT Analysis of Reebok

BCG Matrix and SWOT Analysis of Reebok BCG Matrix to analyze the product portfolio of REEBOK Overview of the Indian Footwear Sector The footwear sector is a diverse industry which covers a wide variety of materials (textile, plastics, rubber and leather) and products from different types of mens, womens and childrens footwear to more specialized products like snowboard boots and protective footwear. This diversity of end products corresponds to a multitude of industrial processes, enterprises and market structures. The footwear market consists of the total revenue generated through the sale of all types of mens, womens and childrens shoes. The market is valued at retail selling price with any currency conversions calculated using constant 2007 annual average exchange rates. The Indian Footwear Industry The Indian footwear market has seen very healthy increases in its growth over the past five years, although it was outperformed by the larger Chinese market during this period. Its value and volume are set to increase at a with double-digit annual growth rates over the forecast period. The Indian footwear industry is a significant segment of the leather industry in India. It ranks second among the footwear producing countries next to China. It produces more of gents footwear while the worlds major production is in ladies footwear. The industry is labor intensive and is concentrated in the small and cottage industry sectors. While leather shoes and uppers are concentrated in large scale units, the sandals and chappals are produced in the household and cottage sector. In the case of chappals and sandals, use of non-leather material is prevalent in the domestic market. The major production centers of India are Chennai, Ranipet, and Ambur in Tamil Nadu, Mumbai in Maharastra, Kanpur in U.P., Jalandhar in Punjab, Agra and Delhi. The following table indicates concentration of units in various parts of the country The Indian footwear industry is provided with institutional infrastructure support through premier institutions like Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, Footwear Design Development Institute, Noida, National Institute of Fashion Technology, New Delhi, etc in the areas of technological development, design and product development and human resource development. The availability of abundant raw material base, large domestic market and the opportunity to cater to world markets makes India an attractive destination for technology and investments. The Indian footwear retail market is expected to grow at CAGR of over 20% for the periods spanning from 2008 to 2011. Footwear is expected to comprise about 60% of the total leather exports by 2011 from over 38% in 2006-2007. Presently, the Indian footwear market is dominated by Mens footwear market that accounts for nearly 58% of the total Indian footwear retail market. By products, the Indian footwear market is dominated by casual footwear market that makes up for nearly two-third of the total footwear retail market. The Indian footwear market scores over other footwear markets as it gives benefits like low cost of production, abundant raw material, and has huge consumption market. The annual domestic consumption of shoes in India is 1.1 billion pairs and it is estimated that the footwear market is around Rs 10, 000 crore and will grow at 10% pa, this offers great opportunities for a company like Bata to expand. MNC Brands Sold in India are sold Adidas, Aldo, Bally, Clarks, Ecco, Florshiem, Ferragammo, Hush Puppies, Lee cooper, Lloyd, Marks Spencer, Nike, Nine West, New Balance, Reebok, Rockport, Stacy Adams, Levi Strauss , Lee Cooper, Puma, Bata. Indian Brands sold in India are Red Tape, Liberty, Khadims, Lakhani, Metro, Action, Provogue, ID, MB Footwear, Firangi Reebok: Reebok India commands a 51% market share in the premium sportswear industry in the Rs 2000-crore premium sportswear market.. It plans to increase the store count from the existing 500 to over 600 before 2008. Reebok reaches out to its target customers through its 500 exclusive Reebok Stores, 200 Shop in the shop outlets 2500 dealer outlets. The company has plan to tap tier II and Tier III ci ties. Reebok is planning to add 55 new lifestyle stores by the end of this year. It offers different segments for both men and women like sports and fitness footwear, apparel, accessories, fitness equipment and the lifestyle section. The Global Footwear Industry The global footwear market grew by 4.1% in 2008 to reach a value of $208.4 billion. In 2013, the market is forecast to have a value of $272.5 billion, an increase of 30.7% since 2008. The market grew by 4.8% in 2008 to reach a volume of 11.6 billion pairs. In 2013, the market is forecast to have a volume of 15.1 billion pairs, an increase of 30.2% since 2008. Europe is the largest footwear market, accounting for 42.3% of the global value. The global footwear market consists of the total revenues generated through the sale of all types of mens, womens and childrens shoes. The market is valued at retail selling price with any currency conversions calculated using constant 2007 annual average exchange rates. Reebok International, a subsidiary of Adidas, is engaged in the design, marketing and distribution of sports, fitness and casual footwear, apparel and equipment. The company primarily operates in North America, Europe and Asia Pacific. The company recorded revenues of E2,333 million in the fiscal year ended December 2007, a decrease of 5.7% over 2006. The operating profit of the company was E109 million in the fiscal year 2007, an increase of 26.7% over 2006. . According to 2004 figures by the Sporting Goods Manufacturers Association International, Nike had about 36%, Adidas 8.9% and Reebok 12.2% market share in the athletic-footwear market in the U.S. Introduction- REEBOK Reebok is an American-inspired, global brand that creates and markets sports and lifestyle products built upon a strong heritage and authenticity in sports, fitness and womens categories. The brand is committed to designing products and marketing programs that reflect creativity and the desire to constantly challenge the status quo. Reebok India Reebok started its operations in India in 1995. Headed by Managing Director Mr. Subhinder Singh Prem, Reebok India has a pan-India presence with branch offices in Mumbai, Kolkata and Bangalore and ranks at the top amongst international footwear companies in India. The Companys brand vision is fulfilling potential, its mission – Always challenge and lead through creativity. Reeboks brand values are authentic, individualistic, courageous, empowering, innovative and real. Reebok has introduced its internationally acclaimed fitness programs in India, conducted under the banner of Reebok Instructor Alliance, which is dedicated to fitness instructors, personal trainers and health club owners. Reebok has trained and certified more then 800 trainers till now. Reebok India commands a 54% market share in the premium sportswear industry according to the calendar year December 2008. Its revenue has touched 1400 Crores (at retail price) in 2008. It plans to increase the store count from the existing 500 to over 600 before 2007. Reebok reaches out to its target customers through its 500 exclusive Reebok Stores, 200 Shop in the shop outlets 2500 dealer outlets. Reebok has the single largest store in Hyderabad. REEBOKS VISION Fulfilling Potential Reebok is dedicated to providing each and every athlete from professional athletes to recreational runners to kids on the playground with the opportunity, the products, and the inspiration to achieve what they are capable of. We all have the potential to do great things. As a brand, Reebok has the unique opportunity to help consumers, athletes and artists, partners and employees fulfill their true potential and reach heights they may have thought un-reachable. REEBOKS MISSION Always Challenge and Lead through Creativity At Reebok, we see the world a little differently and throughout our history have made our mark when weve had the courage to challenge convention. Reebok creates products and marketing programs that reflect the brands unlimited creative potential. REEBOKS POSITIONING Celebrate Individuality in Sport and Life Reebok understands that people are, above all, unique. Reeboks positioning reflects this; celebrating the distinct qualities that make people who they are their unique points of view, their individual style and their remarkable talents and accomplishments. Reebok celebrates their individuality, their authenticity and the courage it takes to forge their own path to greatness. While some may call them crazy or eccentric, Reebok calls them visionary and original. REEBOKS PURPOSE To Empower Global Youth to Fulfill their Potential Commitment to Corporate Responsibility is an important legacy and hallmark of the Reebok brand.For two decades, Human Rights, through the Reebok Human Rights program, was the primary focus of this effort. Reebok has expanded on what had been built and created a Global Corporate Citizenship platform with a purpose for the brand that will help underprivileged, underserved youth around the world fulfill their potential and live healthy, active lives. REEBOKS BRAND TERRITORY Having Fun Staying in Shape Having Fun Staying in Shape comes to life through a fun, bold, provocative manner expressed through fresh, eye catching imagery signed off with a unique Reeword. The tone and manner allows the consumer to look at sport and lifestyle through our lens of Ree. HISTORY 2000 In 2000, Reebok and the National Football League announced an exclusive partnership that serves as a foundation of the NFLs consumer products business. The NFL granted a long-term exclusive license to Reebok beginning in the 2002 NFL season to manufacture, market and sell NFL licensed merchandise for all 32 NFL teams. The license includes on-field uniforms, sideline apparel, practice apparel and an NFL-branded footwear and apparel collection. 2001 In 2001, Reebok formed a long-term strategic partnership with the National Basketball Association under which Reebok designs, manufactures, sells and markets licensed merchandise for the NBA, the Womens National Basketball Association (WNBA) and the National Basketball Development League (NBDL), the NBAs minor league. Reebok secured the exclusive rights to supply and market all on-court apparel, including uniforms, shooting shirts, warm-ups, authentic and replica jerseys and practice gear for all NBA, WNBA and NBDL teams. Reebok also had exclusive rights, with limited exceptions, to design, manufacture, market and sell headwear, T-shirts, fleece and other apparel products for all teams in most channels of distributions. In 2006, Reebok transferred the NBA rights to the adidas Brand. 2002 In 2002, Reebok launched Rbk – a collection of street-inspired footwear and apparel hook-ups designed for the young man and woman who demand and expect the style of their gear to reflect the attitude of their lives: cool and edgy, authentic and aspirational. Inspired by street fashion, Rbks marketing is culturally relevant as well. With many of the industrys most marketable and valuable sports assets on its roster, Reebok rolled-out an integrated marketing campaign that fused together sports, music, technology and entertainment, and was designed to connect the Reebok Brand to millions of new consumers around the world. The global marketing campaign was launched in early 2002 and featured select Reebok athletes paired with some of the music industrys most successful hip-hop and rap artists. Reebok tapped into something the industry had not yet seen, and became a pioneer in the fusion of sports, music and technology. 2003 2003 was a landmark year for Rbk. Reebok formed an unprecedented partnership with rap musician Jay-Z, which included the design and marketing of the S. Carter Collection by Rbk, which launched in April. With the partnership, Jay-Z became the first non-athlete to have a signature athletic footwear collection. The launch of Jay Zs first shoe was extremely successful around the world. Later that year, Reebok teamed up with another superstar of the rap world, 50 Cent. The result was the equally successful â€Å"G Unit Collection by Rbk.† 2004 In 2004, Reebok became the worlds leading producer of hockey apparel and equipment with its acquisition of The Hockey Company. The Hockey Companys brands, CCM, Koho and Jofa, are among the most respected in the sport. Reebok has a long-term licensing agreement with the National Hockey League, under which the company serves as the supplier of authentic â€Å"on-ice† game jerseys to all 30 NHL teams. It also has the exclusive worldwide rights to manufacture and market authentic, replica and practice jerseys using the names and logos of the NHL and its teams. Reebok also has exclusive agreements with the Canadian Hockey League, the American Hockey League and the East Coast Hockey League. 2005 In early 2005, Reebok launched Rbk Hockey, a new and innovative line of ultra-high performance hockey equipment, sticks and skates and signed hockey phenom Sidney Crosby, who has lived up to his billing as the leagues next great player. In two short years, Rbk Hockey has become one of the most visible and in-demand hockey brands on the market. In 2005, Reebok launched its largest global integrated marketing and advertising campaign in nearly a decade. I Am What I Am is a multi-faceted campaign which links all of the brands marketing and advertising efforts under the I Am What I Am umbrella. The campaign encourages young people to embrace their own individuality by celebrating their contemporary heroes. Celebrities featured in the campaign include music icons Jay-Z, Daddy Yankee and 50 Cent; top athletes Allen Iverson, Donovan McNabb, Curt Schilling, Kelly Holmes, Iker Casillas and Yao Ming; screen stars Lucy Liu, John Leguizamo and Christina Ricci; and skateboarder Stevie Williams. 2006 In January 2006, adidas-Salomon AG acquired Reebok, forever altering the worldwide sporting goods industry landscape. Shortly after the close of the acquisition, Reebok Chairman and CEO Paul Fireman announced he was leaving the company to pursue other interests, and Paul Harrington was named President and CEO of the Reebok brand. Today, the adidas Group, which includes the adidas, Reebok, TaylorMade-adidas Golf and Rockport brands is a global leader in the sporting goods industry and offers a broad portfolio of products. Products from the adidas Group are available in virtually every country of the world. Activities of the company and its more than 80 subsidiaries are directed from the Groups headquarters in Herzogenaurach, Germany. 2007 Reebok launched Run Easy, one of the most comprehensive running campaigns in the brands history. The goal of the campaign was to inspire consumers around the world to fulfill their potential and celebrate their individuality. The message of the campaign was that while many other brands speak about the blood, sweat and tears of running, Reebok celebrated the camaraderie, joy and fun of running – Run Easy. In addition, Reeboks partnership with the National Hockey League took center stage with the unveiling the Rbk Edge Uniform System, a complete, team-wide redesign and re-engineering of the NHL uniform, and the opening of the NHL Powered by Rbk retail store in New York City. Reebok also launched its There are Two People in Everyone marketing campaign for the second half of 2007 in select regions. The global marketing campaign highlights Reeboks unique brand point of view of celebrating the individuals balance between sport and life. The campaign, featuring international sport stars such as Allen Iverson, Yao Ming, MS Dohni and Nicole Vaidisova, declared that there is more to an athlete than his or her sport. 2008 Reeboks global marketing campaign, ‘Your Move launched in March of 2008 and evolved Reeboks positioning as the brand that celebrates individuality and supports those who choose to do things their way. Expressed as a global brand campaign, ‘Your Move was an invitation to people to do it their way in sport and in life. The ‘whats your move? ad was a literal expression of this philosophy: key assets including Thierry Henry and Alexander Ovechkin showed us their moves and invited consumers to show us theirs. In the summer of 2008, Reebok and driving ace Lewis Hamilton announced a multi-year partnership at a spectacular 3-D event in Amsterdam, home of Reeboks European Headquarters. At the event, Reebok unveiled â€Å"The Athlete within the Driver,† gave media a rare insight into Hamiltons demanding fitness regime. Hamilton revealed how Reeboks Smoothfit training footwear and apparel range helped him to train better than ever before. 2009 In February 2009, Reebok launched the Jukari Fit to Fly workout, the first in a series of initiatives to come out of a new, long-term partnership with Cirque du Soleil. Jukari Fit to Fly makes fitness fun again by introducing a new way to move. The workout has been created on a specially-designed piece of equipment called the FlySet. The result is a workout that gives the sensation of flying while strengthening and lengthening the body through cardio, strength, balance and core training. Also in 2009, Reebok made a pledge to tone the butts and legs of women around the world with its innovative EasyTone footwear. Featuring first-of-its-kind balance pod technology, the shoe generates incredible results thanks to proprietary technology invented by a former NASA engineer. Brands Reebok International Rock Port RBK CCM Hockey (Worlds largest) Greg Norman Apparel Ralph Lauren Brand The Hockey Company Avia Onfield Apparel Athletic footwear DMX2000 3D Ultralite Ralph Lauren Apparel line REEBOK SWOT ANALYSIS Reebok International was a major player in the sports and fitness products market, with a particular emphasis on footwear. Its main strengths lied in its size and strong brand awareness. While footwear is clearly its core product, concerns were being raised over its comparative disinterest in the associated athletic apparel market, which is over twice the size of the footwear market. STRENGTHS Growing sales revenue As part of a strategy to grow quality market share, the company continued to invest in three key product and marketing platforms: Performance, RBK and Classic. Reebok International was the second largest manufacturer of athletic shoes in the US, behind Nike. The Reebok brand continued to drive sales pushing it closer to major competitors, Nike and Adidas. Reebok had become the number two or number three brand in most of its overseas markets. It held around 10% of the global market, compared to Nikes 34% and Adidas 15%. The company has been able to increase revenues and improve operating margins despite some challenging retail conditions in many key markets around the world in 2004. Excellent marketing strategy The company employed a strategy of reinventing its brands in order to gain market share. In order to enhance its Reebok brand, the company introduced a new street inspired product collection, RBK, in 2002, followed by an effective marketing strategy which carried into 2003 and 2004. During 2003/2004, the Reebok product offerings generated healthy sell-through performance at retail. Alongside reinventing brands, the company introduced new marketing campaigns to promote them. To support the RBK product Reebok created a marketing campaign entitled Reeboks Sounds and Rhythm of Sport, which fuses music and entertainment with sports and performance. Celebrity associated sponsorships The company expanded its product offerings into more lifestyle and performance categories, introducing new product segments for both the NBA and NFL, including NBA and NFL footwear, classic lifestyle apparel and performance gear for off-the-field activities. Reebok sponsored many top athletes in tennis; Andy Roddick and Venus Williams; as well as music stars Jay-Z, Pharrell Williams and 50 Cent. Yao Zings impact in the Asian market is hugely important to Reebok. Affiliating itself to such globally renowned celebrities enhanced the company name among many different customer groups. Strong womens sector Another one of Reeboks strengths was its success in the womens sector. The market for womens athletic shoes is larger than that for men, accounting for around 46% and 40% of the sectors value respectively. In volume terms, the womens sector was even more important, 46% compared to 35%. Reeboks market share of womens athletic shoe sales was around 35%, and has been boosted by its Its A Womans World marketing campaign. WEAKNESSES Classics under fire The company had come under fire from its rivals in the classics department. In the past Reebok has controlled this shoe category without much competition, however companies such as Nike and Adidas were coming up with their own classic shoes. Reebok were still the market leaders in that area but the gap kept narrowing. Low market share in apparels Reebok controlled only about 1.4% of the apparel market. This posed a problem when squaring up with its fierce competitor, Nike. The footwear markets growth was slowing. Athletic apparel gives scope for a larger and more diverse range of products, keeping the market fast moving. The apparel market was 2.4 times larger than the footwear market. Nike took charge there, with its innovative designs, and contracts with sports teams and organisations throughout the world. Danger of stockpiling products by retailers Futures, or ordered in advance sales, represented around 60-70% of Reeboks business. This has been valuable to Reebok in the past; however five of the companys brands that represent around 60% global market share could cause problems in the future. Futures growth for these five brands was around 9.5% on a dollar-weighted basis. This growth was alarmingly fast. Reebok had to be careful as retailers may be ordering more than they can sell. This could result in a sudden cut off in orders, leaving the company with large inventories and a decrease in sales. OPPORTUNITIES Increase average shoe price Reeboks average price per shoe in athletic footwear stores, which account for around 15% of the market, was considerably lower than average. Its average price per shoe is $45, compared with an outlet average closer to $60. The companys lower than average shoe price is partly due to the high percentage of basic products sold, which is itself partly attributable to its traditional position in the womens sector. This left plenty of space for the company to muscle in on higher priced sales, as its products and promotional efforts improve. As well as raising brand awareness, Reeboks sponsorship deals helped the company increase its average sales price. Draw attention toward new technological developments Reebok had started developing its product to make it more modern and has invested heavily in added technology to enhance its shoes. Reebok had a lot to gain from a continued investment in more technologically advanced, premium products. In 2003, the company introduced new fashionable and technologically advanced products tied to new integrated marketing programs. These displayed an enhanced and prominent vector logo which ties back to the Professional athletes wearing the products on the field. This branding created a real point-of-difference for its performance products and should help to generate consumer interest at point-of-purchase. These products are supported at retail with a new performance marketing campaign, which utilises the athletes and the vector logo in new and creative ways. This campaign included television, print and in-store marketing packages. Encourage a strong brand push in Europe The company planned to enhance its European market, recruiting new management talent and initiating an aggressive program to regionalise this business utilising a consistent brand image throughout Europe. Reebok executed unified product, marketing, and sales strategies across all borders in Europe, thereby presenting the Reebok Brand in a more relevant and consistent manner. Exploit Nikes lack of high profile sponsorship Nike, the worlds most successful sportswear brand and footwear producer struggled to fill the void vacated by Michael Jordan. This was the first time in a long time that Nike did not have an eminent sports star to spearhead their marketing drive. This has left an opening for the likes of Reebok to exploit, particularly in the basketball arena. The company took the Chinese sensation from Nike, Yao Ming, hoping to increase market share by 10% to 30% by 2006. THREATS Over reliance on footwear sales Footwear is Reeboks largest division and the company relies fairly heavily on the footwear market. That was a competitive field experiencing much slower growth than in previous years and, like most other producers, Reebok felt that it must do more to increase sales. Reebok had also to be aware that the market for more expensive footwear was slowing. This could ultimately force prices down, should this trend continue for a significant period of time. With the company so reliant on footwear, it risked losses, whereas other competitors such as Nike can fall back on their apparel division. Diverted from historical markets Reeboks original success stemmed from the womens aerobics market in the 1980s. It has since become apparent that the company has shied away from its roots. Reeboks womens products represent only 25% of its athletic apparel volume. The womens apparel sector actually accounts for around 40% of industry sales, which suggests that Reebok risked losing out in the key market that transformed them into a global company. Product portfolio strategy introduction to the boston consulting box Introduction Thebusiness portfoliois the collection of businesses and products that make up the company. The best business portfolio is one that fits the companys strengths and helps exploit the most attractive opportunities. The company must: (1) Analyze its current business portfolio and decide which businesses should receive more or less investment, and (2) Develop growth strategies for adding new products and businesses to the portfolio, whilst at the same time deciding when products and businesses should no longer be retained. Methods of Portfolio Planning The two best-known portfolio planning methods are from the Boston Consulting Group (the subject of this revision note) and by General Electric/Shell. In each method, the first step is to identify the various Strategic Business Units (SBUs) in a company portfolio. An SBU is a unit of the company that has a separate mission and objectives and that can be planned independently from the other businesses. An SBU can be a company division, a product line or even individual brands it all depends on how the company is organised. The Boston Consulting Group Box (BCG Box) Using the BCG Box (an example is illustrated above) a company classifies all its SBUs according to two dimensions: On the horizontal axis: relative market share- this serves as a measure of SBU strength in the market On the vertical axis: market growth rate- this provides a measure of market attractiveness By dividing the matrix into four areas, four types of SBU can be distinguished: Stars -Stars are high growth businesses or products competing in markets where they are relatively strong compared with the competition. Often they need heavy investment to sustain their growth. Eventually their growth will slow and, assuming they maintain their relative market share, will become cash cows. Cash Cows- Cash cows are low-growth businesses or products with a relatively high market share. These are mature, successful businesses with relatively little need for investment. They need to be managed for continued profit so that they continue to generate the strong cash flows that the company needs for its Stars. Question marks- Question marks are businesses or products with low market share but which operate in higher growth markets. This suggests that they have potential, but may require substantial investment in order to grow market share at the expense of more powerful competitors. Management have to think hard about question marks which ones should they invest in? Which ones should they allow to fail or shrink? Dogs- Unsurprisingly, the term dogs refers to businesses or products that have low relative share in unattractive, low-growth markets. Dogs may generate enough cash to break-even, but they are rarely, if ever, worth investing in. Using the BCG Box to determine strategy Once a company has classified its SBUs, it must decide what to do with them. In the diagram above, the company has one large cash cow (the size of the circle is proportional to the SBUs sales), a large dog and two, smaller stars and question marks. Conventional strategic thinking suggests there are four possible strategies for each SBU: (1) Build Share: here the company can invest to increase market share (for example turning a question mark into a star) (2) Hold: here the company invests just enough to keep the SBU in its present position (3) Harvest: here the company reduces the amount of investment in order to maximise the short-term cash flows and profits from the SBU. This may have the effect of turning Stars into Cash Cows. (4) Divest: the company can divest the SBU by phasing it out or selling it in order to use the resources elsewhere (e.g. investing in the more promising question marks). THE BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP BOX (BCG BOX) OF REEBOK STARS  · Greg Norman Apparel Question Mark  · Athletic footwear  · DMX2000 Cash Cows  · Rock Port Dogs  · Avia Stars: [high share; high growth] 1. The Collections moisture-wicking innovative Play Dry ® technology and unique Performance. Luxury. 2. Style. combination continue to differentiate the brand. Influenced by one of the worlds leading golf professionals and identified by the four-color shark logo, Greg Norman Collection has become a complete lifestyle brand since beginning as knitwear line in 1992. India is now a major sourcing hub for Reebok Internationals golf apparel and accessories brand Greg Norman Collection. The $100 million brand which retails at $60 to $90 per piece globally sources about 30-40% of its total apparel needs from India. According to Ms Biszantz, the entire Greg Norman range was being outsourced from India including the regular knitwear polos, the fragile rain suit and even Greg Normans patented play dry technology apparel range. At present, the range is being outsourced from five vendors located across the country, these include textile majors like: Ahmedabad based Arvind Mills and Gokuldas Exports, apart from companies like Gurgoan-based Matrix and Faridabad-based Super Fashion and Gupta Exim. The design and merchandising inputs are however still comi ng from New York. The Greg Norman Collection made its debut in the Indian retail market through the opening of an exclusive brand store in Gurgaon The company plans to set

Importance Of Soviet Silent Films Film Studies Essay

Importance Of Soviet Silent Films Film Studies Essay Soviet silent films were designed to persuade their audiences of the importance of the process of revolution. Discuss with reference to the distinctive use of form and style in one or more directors. A propaganda film is a film, either a documentary-style production or a fictional screenplay that is produced to convince the viewer of a certain political point or influence the opinions or behaviour of people, often by providing deliberately misleading, propagandistic content. Lenin declared in 1922 that of all the arts, for us the cinema is the most important The development of Russian cinema in the 1920s by such filmmakers as Dziga Vertov and Sergei Eisenstein saw considerable progress in the use of the motion picture as a propaganda tool, yet is also served to develop the art of the filmmaking. Eisensteins films, in particular The Battleship Potemkin, are seen as masterwork of the cinema even as they glorify Eisensteins communist ideals. Dziga Vertov was interested in the idea that the film camera had the potential to capture truth; the camera could be seen simply as a mechanical device that was capable of recording the world without human intervention. A revolution is a fundamental change in power or organisational structure that takes place in a relatively short period of time. The October Revolution on the 25th October 1917 overthrew the Russian Provisional Government and gave the power to the Soviets dominated by Bolsheviks. This revolution and the civil war that followed had a devastating effect on the Russian film industry, which was almost completely destroyed. Very few of the Russian directors and stars remained in Russia after 1919, the majority having fled to Paris where they continued production. Soviet cinema differed from Western cinema in that it had clear political aims to use film as a propaganda weapon and also for it to espouse and reflect the new revolutionary regime. This aim was particularly expressed through narrative and editing. The montage cinema which demanded that the audiences continually searched for the meaning created by the juxtaposition of two shots can thus be seen as alternative to the continuity editing-based Hollywood cinema. One of the Soviet film-makers who developed this idea into both a theory and a practice of film-making was Sergei Eisenstein. Eisenstein believed that maximum impact could be achieved if shots in a scene were in conflict. This belief was based on the general philosophical idea that existence can only continue by constant change. This method of creating meaning from such conflicts of opposites is termed dialectical. For example, shot A combined with shot B does not produce AB but the new meaning C. The formulation can also be presented as: thesis + anti-thesis= synthesis. In formal terms, this style of editing offers discontinuity in graphic qualities, violations of the  180 degree rule, and the creation of impossible spatial matches. It is not concerned with the depiction of a comprehensible spatial or temporal continuity as is found in the  classical Hollywood  continuity system. It draws attention to temporal ellipses because changes between shots are obvious, less fluid, and non-seamless. One of the more prominent films to fully utilize Soviet montage was Dziga Vertovs Man with a Movie Camera (1929). Man with a Movie Camera is an assembly of seemingly random shots of city life. From the cars on the street to people in motion to Vertov himself carrying his camera, the film represents Russia alive with enthusiasm following the revolution, a country with a genuine desire to better itself and its population. Aside from editing, these films have other features which separate them from the dominant Hollywood cinema. In keeping with a Marxist analysis of society, plots frequently do not centre on the individual, for example, in Eisensteins Strike, October and Battleship Potemkin, individual heroes are replaced by a mass of people. The only characters that are individualised are those who have wealth. Eisenstein used non actors to play key parts, believing that the external appearance was vital to the performance. This idea is termed typage. The audience sees a character and immediately recognises him as a sailor or an officer just by his appearance. Like others before him Eisenstein sought to make the stage a vehicle of omniscient, ever present narration. He challenged Aristotles assumption that theatre minimised the authors shaping hand. Eisensteins theory expressionist in that it regards narration as the process of making manifests some essential emotional quality of the story. In Strike Eisenstein uses his principle of montage of attractions to the editing. He believes that by creating visual jolys between each cut, the viewer would be shocked into new awarenesss. At various points in Strike Eisenstein juxtaposes shots taken from different viewpoints. Those shots needed to be interpreted by the audience. One of the best examples of this type of intellectual montage is in the Slaughter of the bull. Here Eisenstein juxtaposes a non-diegetic image of a bull being slaughtered and shots of the factory workers being killed by government forces. It can be formulated like this: shot A (the workers being killed) + shot B (the bull being slaughtered) = new understanding C (the workers are being killed like animals). In these cases the audience become active political interpreters. In Battleship Potemkin (1925) which is based on a true story of a massacre that took place on board the Potemkin in 1905, Eisenstein uses montage techniques with a vivid effectiveness, especially in the central part of the film in which the soldiers are marching down the steps leading to the harbour systematically shooting the onlookers. By using montage to repeat scenes, Eisenstein expanded time. The effect is to intensify the nature of the slaughter as well as to hold the audience in suspense. The climax of the scene demonstrates the effectiveness of montage in order to shock the audience. The same can be said about the rest of the film; Eisenstein increases the number of cuts to build up tension in particular in the last part of the film, with the Russian squadron. It gives the scene a sense of urgency which would be impossible to achieve with ought these techniques. The concept of typage is seen throughout, the actors were not chosen for their acting ability, but instead they were chosen for how well they looked the part. It is another form of attraction. Eisenstein also rejected the traditional narrative pattern in which a hero embarks on a quest or responds to a challenge. Vakulinchuk and Matyushenko are the only sailors identified by name but they quest or challenge is not theirs alone. We do not follow their journey and we do not observe events through their eyes. Almost all the characters were introduced to contribute to the action, but they do not drive the action. Critics declared that Battleship Potemkin was pitched far above the intellectual level of most peasants but, like Strike before it, marked a major step in the progress of revolutionary cinema. Eisensteins forth feature length film was October (1927), made for the Tenth Anniversary celebrations of the Russian Revolution, depicts the build-up of the October Revolution, ending with the storming of the Winter Palace by the Bolsheviks. The movie demanded the audience to think in a critical and constructive manner about the important political issues by using intellectual montage. This can be seen in scene when Kerensky and general Kornilov, in which Eisenstein uses intercuts between these two men and the plaster cast figures of Napoleon. This exposes the vanity and the lack of power to form a separate identity. The film suffered for its unpopularity and bad distribution, but film historians consider it to be an immensely rich experience-a sweeping historical epic of vast scale, and a powerful testament to Eisensteins genius and artistry. The editing of motion pictures has been a focus for various theories of cinematic realism, where editing is usually rejected as manipulative and propagandistic. In place of editing, critics such as  Andrà © Bazin  have argued in favour of the  long take  where the action plays out without  continuity editing  or the manipulations of Soviet montage.

Comparing the Role of Women in Their Eyes Were Watching God and Go Tell

The Role of Women in Their Eyes Were Watching God and Go Tell It On the Mountain   Ã‚   Historically, the job of women in society is to care for the husband, the home, and the children. As a homemaker, it has been up to the woman to support the husband and care for the house; as a mother, the role was to care for the children and pass along cultural traditions and values to the children. These roles are no different in the African-American community, except for the fact that they are magnified to even larger proportions. The image of the mother in African-American culture is one of guidance, love, and wisdom; quite often the mother is the shaping and driving force of African-American children. This is reflected in the literature of the African-American as a special bond of love and loyalty to the mother figure. Just as the role of motherhood in African-American culture is magnified and elevated, so is the role of the wife. The literature reflects this by showing the African-American man struggling to make a living for himself and his family with his wife either being emotionally or physically submissive. Understanding the role of women in the African-American community starts by examining the roles of women in African-American literature. Because literature is a reflection of the community from which it comes, the portrayal of women in Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937) and James Baldwin's Go Tell it on the Mountain (1952) is consistent with the roles mentioned above.    Their Eyes Were Watching God is a good place to start examining the roles of African-American women. It is written by a woman, Zora Neale Hurston, and from a woman's perspective. This book examines the relationship between Janie and... ...       Works Cited and Consulted Baldwin, James. Go Tell it on the Mountain (1952). New York: Bantam-Dell, 1952. Bourn, Byron D. "Women's Roles in Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God and James Baldwin's Go Tell It On the Mountain" Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937). : Urbana, Ill.: U of Illinois P, 1937. Kubitschek, Missy Dehn. " 'Tuh de Horizon and Back': The Female Quest in Their Eyes Were Watching God." Modern Critical Interpretations: Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. Pondrom, Cyrena N. "The Role of Myth in Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God." American Literature 58.2 (May 1986): 181-202. Williams, Shirley Anne. Forward. Their Eyes Were Watching God. By Zora Neale Hurston. New York: Bantam-Dell, 1937. xv.      

Pre-history :: essays research papers

Pre-History Anthropologists: Anthropologists study the skeletal remains of prehistoric life. Two examples of famous anthropologists are Mary Leaky and Donald Johanson. Donald Johanson was the anthropologist who discovered â€Å"Lucy†. â€Å"Lucy†is the first known sign of humanity. The technical name for â€Å"Lucy† is Australopithecus. The odd thing about â€Å"Lucy† is that she was both modern and pre-historic, having arms longer that her legs, and being bipedal was a strange combination for a creature said to be three million years old. Anthropologists study all over the world, but â€Å"Lucy† was found in Africa. Radiocarbon Dating: Radio Carbon dating is a dating method in which the amount of carbon14 in an object is measured. The bodies carbons start to decay at death so they measure how old something is by measuring it’s amount of carbon. There are two major problems with this method though. 1) The specimen can only date back about 100,000 years. 2) If the original amount of carbon was distorted for any reason that will mess up the date given. For those reasons scientists developed other methods that help date things more accurately. These methods include the stardust theory and the river delta theory. Ice Age: Glaciers; large, slowly moving masses of snow and ice. Each of the four cold weather periods lasted from 10,000 to 50,000 years ago. The Ice Age. Scientists believe that the age we live in started after the 4th period Ice Age sone25,000 years ago. Today 1/2 the earth is covered in ice. During the third period 1/3 of the world was covered in ice. The ice age made animals either migrate or disappear entirely. (Saber Tooth Tiger, Woolly Mammoth) It also shaped the continents we live on today. There were also land bridges in the Ice age. Paleolithic Age: Paleolithic means â€Å"old stone† we called it the stone age. 1974 Ethiopia Donald Johanson a well known anthropologist discovered female skeletal remains that might have been as old as 3 million years. Cro-Magnon People: When neanders disappeared cro’s appeared in Europe. Better tools and weapons were made, the 1st spear and paintings were made in this age.

Literature and the Industrial Revolution :: essays research papers

In the Industrial Revolution poetry advanced and Romanticism began. Romanticism started in the 18th century and was said to be influenced by the French and Industrial Revolution. People decided to rebel against the political and social rules of their time and started a new trend of art. It conveyed dramatic subjects perceived with strong feelings and imagination. William Blake was a poet commonly connected with Romanticism. He led strong beliefs that were occasionally mentioned in his work. One was that everyone is equal and is mentioned in 'All Religions Are One': "As all men are alike (tho' infinitely various)" He based most of his works in the style of Romanticism - Blake wrote from the heart, he let his thoughts and beliefs take over. Some of Blake?s poems include ?London? and ?The Lamb? William Wordsworth, like Blake, was linked with Romanticism. In fact, he was one of the very founders of Romanticism. He wrote poems are about nature, freedom and emotion. He was open about how he felt about life and what his life was like. Also, Wordsworth wrote poems about the events going on around him ? for instance the French Revolution. Mainly, Wordsworth wrote about nature, however, rarely used simple descriptions in his work. Instead, Wordsworth wrote complexly, for example in his poem ?Daffodils?. Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats, George Gordon Byron and Samuel Taylor Coleridge were all poets in the Romantic era. They all had a love of their country and wrote about nature and revolution in some of their poems. Shelley wrote many plays, some of which were Romantic and some about the French Revolution (as Shelley had experienced the French Revolution in his lifetime). This allowed him to state deep,